The Adoption Of International Financial Reporting Standards

The adoption of International Financial Reporting Standards [IFRSs] around the world has motivated empirical research that examines the effects it has on the accounting information. There is a visible contrast in these studies due to the use of various elements such as difference of researched countries, analysis periods, distinctive research design and reporting heterogeneous findings. Besides, there is also limited evidence of how the mandatory IFRS adoption affected the financial statements. Hence, this study provides comparative findings on the impact of IFRS adoption on the value relevance of reported accounting information in the UK. The purpose of this study is to advance the accounting value relevance research through a more†¦show more content†¦We find mixed evidence of an increase in value relevance. Ohlson 1995 linear valuation model was used to analyse the assumption about the association between market value, earnings and book value of equity. Simultaneously the statistical significance of differences between UK GAAP-based ratios and IFRS-based ratios was tested using non-parametric Wilcoxon Signed-Rank test. The results presented that the influence of earnings on share price and book value of equity increased following the introduction of IFRS the United Kingdom. Moreover, the profitability ratios increased whereas the Price/Earnings Ratio decreased considerably. 1.1 Preamble The main purpose of financial reporting is to deliver transparent financial information regarding a company to the investors and general public. The financial crisis of 2008 had shown that absence of transparency in the financial statements may have an adverse effect on investor confidence. High quality accounting information is an essential criterion for well- functioning economy as investors rely on this information for investment purposes. Value relevance is thus one of the basic attributes of accounting quality. (Francis et al. 2004) â€Å"Something is value relevant only if the value reflects information relevant to an investor when the investor is valuing the company

The Lost Boys Directed by Joel Schumacher - 547 Words

Conversely, Kusserow, instead of using irony or literary images, she forms meaning in her poetry through the use of metaphors. As Tyson states, â€Å" A metaphor is a comparison of two dissimilar objects in which the properties of one are ascribed to the other† (143). Kusserow uses several metaphors throughout her poem to help elucidate the effects of the Second Sudanese Civil Wars on the Lost Boys. Regarding the â€Å"Lost Boys†, the name given to the groups of over 20,000 boys of the Neur and Dinka ethnic groups who were displaced and orphaned during the Second Sudanese Civil War, Kusserow writes, â€Å"packs of bony Lost Boys / roving like hyenas towards Ethiopia, / tongues, big as toads, swelling in their mouths† (15-17). Here, Kusserow has used two zoomorphic metaphors, applying animal characteristics sot humans. She compares the Lost Boys to a hyena, a wild and chaotic animal, depicting the boys as a bunch of mad and violent scavengers, implying that they try to search for and collect anything that can be a source of food for them. Moreover, her comparison in which she describes the tongues of the Boys to be as big as toads, she is illustrating the extreme level of dehydration that the boy’s probable experienced, and how their tongues swell up since that is a symptom of dehydration. From Kusserow’s use of zoomorphic metaphors, we can see that she is trying to show how the Lost Boys have been dehumanized due to the dreadful condition they have had to face as a product of the SecondShow MoreRelatedMy First Experience With A Colored Television856 Words   |  4 PagesAs a very young girl in the early seventies, my first experience with a colored television came when my dad brought one home so that my brother, sister and I could watch Chitty-Chitty, Bang-Bang (1968) directed by Ken Hughes and starring Dick Van Dyke, Sally Ann Howes and Lionel Jeffries when it aired on TV for the first time. We often visited the General Ci nema at the local mall to see movies on the big screen, but that first time watching a favorite film in the comfort of our den, on a coloredRead MoreA Tale Of Bram Stoker s Dracula994 Words   |  4 Pagessparkle under direct sunlight. They ****ing sparkle. For what reasons did these changes occur? The story of the vampire was started from Dracula, how did it end up with Edward the sparkling vampire? Lets start from the first vampire movie â€Å"Nosferatu† directed by F. W. Morning 1922. Where the Vampire count was less of a human and more of a monster. Having a larger than average head, skinny long fingers, pointy long ears that resemble a bat. Most times he was seen as creepy in not horrifying. At the timeRead MoreExploring Corporate Strategy - Case164366 Words   |  658 Pagesmotivated by simple cost considerations, and underlined its importance for moving the brand forward towards long-term goals. Central would be keeping the brand cool in the eyes of its customers. The Ministry of Sound was perceived by many as having lost its ‘edginess’. Mark Rodol insisted: That’s what we’re working on. It is possible to be big and cutting edge – there are big mass market brands like Nike and PlayStation that manage to retain an edge despite their size. That’s what we intend to do

RAOUL and the report evaluates the marketing management strategies free essay sample

The report attempts to focus on the strategies undertaken for the purpose of introducing eco friendly products in the Singaporean market. The company that has been chosen is RAOUL and the report evaluates the marketing management strategies that have been undertaken by the company and determines the market position of the company by means of SWOT, PESTEL and competitor analysis. Further, a detail analysis has been done to evaluate the acceptance of the eco friendly brand in the Singaporean market.1.1. Company backgroundRAOUL is one of leading exporters of fashionable garments and has been the one of the most sought-after fashion stores for the fashionable people. RAOUL has been recognized for its brand of product offerings with designs of contemporary fashion and superior quality. RAOUL was set up in the year 2002, when it produced garments for men like business shirts in relatively affordable prices (Lusch Vargo, 2014). The company flourished due to the variety and quality of products offered. The company further expanded its scope and introduced garments for women in the year 2004. Currently the company is one of the leading manufacturer and distributor of fashionable garments across the globe (Armstrong et al., 2014).1.2. Product backgroundRAOUL has been one of the leading exporters of fashion garments in Singapore and is recognized globally for its brand and variety of product offerings. The company initially produced mens garments like shirts and other outfits. However, in the year 2004 RAOUL expanded its market reach by producing garments for women (Raoul Clothing, 2018). The company presently operates over 200 locations including Asia, Europe, and Middle East. The company today has international fame with showrooms in Milan and New York. RAOUL has also expanded on its product offerings by introducing exclusive collections on a yearly basis (U.S, 2018).2.0. Macro analysis2.1. PoliticalThe political scenario of Singapore is stable and the government is supportive towards industrial growth. Garment industry is considered an important industry as the people of Singapore has a taste for fashionable garments. The government provides support to financial as well as infrastructural support for the purchase of the raw materials to ensure the smooth functioning and growth of the clothing industry. Due to the political stability, the economic standards of the people of Singapore have improved. This has indirectly contributed to the growth of the fashion industry. The regulatory rules of the government are also flexible for the growth of companies like RAOUL.2.2. EconomicalSingapore is an economically developed country with a positive GDP value at the end 2017 (Ministry of trade Singapore, 2018). The average standard of living is high with most of population belonging to economically affluent families. Therefore, people with strong economic solvency are more drawn to fashion and style, which further contributes to the growth of apparel industries like RAOUL (Arnett ; Wittmann, 2014). Singapore is economically developed to cater to the requirements need for the growth of fashion industry. 2.3. SocialPeople of Singapore are culturally vibrant and have a western taste about their social, cultural and ethnic orientation. The people of Singapore have greater preference for a variety of fashionable garments and goods and spend a major part of their income on the purchase of fashionable and trendy garments. Moreover, the people of Singapore are influenced by the various fashion shows that are promoted. People are more concerned with the environmental harm that we are facing globally through the years eco-friendly fashion had gradually gain its popularity hence eco friendly products which are have quite a demand in the international market (Melissa Heng, 2017). Therefore, the market scenario is appropriate for the growth of clothing brands like RAOUL. 2.4. TechnologicalSingapore is technologically sound as it has vast reserves of technological amenities that support the growth of industry in terms of infrastructural facilities. The technology support that the country caters to contributes largely, in the growth and expansion of industries. Apparel industry is highly innovation centric and the abundance of technological and resources help in the growth of such industries (Heizer, 2016). RAOUL is a brand that caters to a variety of designer clothes and garments that requires adequate mechanical and technological support. This is catered to in fair degree in Singapore. 2.5. EnvironmentalThe environmental factors prevalent in Singapore are favorable for the growth of fashion stores like RAOUL. RAOUL is recognized for its brand of luxurious product offerings to their customers (Johnston ; Marshall, 2016). The brand is dedicated to provide its customers with superior quality garments, which are fashionable and in accordance to the current trend practices in the fashion market. The use of inorganic chemical dyes is consciously avoided, which further keeps the environment safe.2. 6. LegalThe legal factors concerning the regulatory rules as well as the financial complications that arise due to disputes between the employees and employers on matters pertaining timely payment of wages is effective catered by the company (Zhao, 2016). Therefore, RAOUL faces not much of legal problems, which further contributes to the smooth operational flow of the company. The legal regulations implemented by the government are flexible for the growth of the industry.3.0. Competitor analysisBrands Market share Target audience Positioning Price Distribution PromotionMassimo Dutti Fashion 19. 3% Upper class audience Diverse product range, 100% reliability of material, personal tailoring 1350 11200 Selective Internet marketing, public relation, personal selling, advertisingValentino 21.7% Upper class audience Wedding dresses, designer dresses, perfumes 2500 47000 Selective Advertising, internet selling, public relationGAP 22% Middle and lower class audience Maternity, plus size clothes, dresses for younger generation 250 700 Extensive Advertising, public relation, personal sellingCharles ; Keith 15% Middle and lower class audience Kids clothes, shoes, accessories 300 2000 Extensive personal selling, advertising, internet marketingAll dressed up 7.8% Upper and middle class audience Special occasions and daywear for ladies 200 15000 Selective Internet marketing, public relation, personal selling, advertisingFigure 1: market share of apparel industry (Singapore)The market share here has been developed along with the division of the fiscal year. The market share can be ga ined by adding the total revenue that is earned by the organization. After the addition of the total revenue earned by the organization, the revenue earned by the entire industry has to be calculated. The market share can be calculated based on the result gained from the division of the firms earning by the industrys earning. Based on the number of product sales, it is evident that GAP and Massimo Dutti Fashion are the leaders in the apparel market share of the company (Massimo Dutti India, 2018). These two brands are the most preferred brands in the apparel market in Singapore. From the market share, it is evident that most of the companies are targeting the upper class of the society as they can afford luxurious products of the company. Thus, the mentioned company, Raoul has the opportunity to explore the market for the lower and the middle-class people.4.0. SWOT analysisA SWOT analysis helps in the determination of the micro environmental factors or the internal factors that are associated with the smooth operation of the company (Shabanova et al., 2015). There are many factors in the industry and area of operations, which directly influences the operational flow of the company. A SWOT analysis helps in the estimation of the strengths weakness opportunities and threats of an organization so that effective strategies can be undertaken effectively (Ho, 2014). To analyze the market position of RAOUL, SWOT analyses have been conducted.Strengths? The biggest strength of RAOUL is that the company has a good collection of designer clothes that are trendy and are inspired by German folk art (Solomon, 2014).? The capital strength of the organization is strong enough to support the new intention of introducing the eco friendly fashion brands for the cautious customers.? RAOUL provides a variety of customers to its customers and are unique in their productions with respect to the color and quality of fabrics Weakness? One of the major weaknesses of RAOUL is that while the company is most famous in United Kingdom, it is not very reputed in the o ther parts of the world.? RAOUL has a good brand value, but it only caters to the demand for luxury products that are far beyond the reach of ordinary people. ? A limited customer base affects the brand value of the company.Opportunities? RAOUL makes use of the abundant technological resources to attract a wide range of customers by means of online promotion (Chiarini, 2015).? RAOUL makes extensive application of the various advertising and promotional strategies to attract customers across the globe? Internationally, the demand for the eco friendly fashion retail brands have been increasing from time to time.Threats? The biggest challenge to the company is the threat posed by the rival companies such as Masssimo Dutti and the likes.? The financial fluctuations often affect the purchasing capacity of the customers.? There have been threats of duplicity and brand imitations that have affected the reputation of the brand in the recent years.The SWOT analysis of RAOUL helps in the analysis of the potential strengths weakness opportunities and threats of the company, helps them in the implementation of proper strategies, which would enable the company to withstand the threats of the rival companies, and helps the company to secure the competitive advantage. This allows them to strengthen the market position in the fashion industry. The evaluation of the strengths weaknesses opportunities threats serves to present a guideline according to which the company can adopt proper rules and strategies to ensure that the company can proceed towards its goal of growth and expansion.5.0. ConclusionIn conclusion, the variety of product offerings that RAOUL ensures effective customer value along with its effective strategic management helps them to secure a high degree of competitive advantage. This is the sole reason why the organization have been considering of introducing eco friendly product line in the market. The policies of marketing mix and other strategies have been effectively undertaken to ensure that the company is able to hold its market position as one of the leading fashion exports of the world as well as step into the world of the eco friendly fashion brand.

Dissertation for Financial Portfolio Analysis Samples for Students

Question: Discuss about the Dissertation For Financial Portfolio Analysis. Answer: Introduction Basic Overview The construction of a financial portfolio is a key issue in the current economies for different nations. Having a financial portfolio plays a paramount role in the theoretical and practical application of the sustainable financial economics. In a portfolio composition analysis, an investor selects a set of individual assets. This paper seeks to study 5 assets obtained from Yahoo finance over a 2-year period from 01/09/2013 to 31/08/2015 so as to make investments. The portfolio can accommodate various shares, unit trusts, bonds, PEPS, ISAS, options, cash, foreign currency or other financial instruments. The portfolio concerns itself more over how to spread the investment funds among the chosen assets as opposed to the criteria when choosing the assets. Each asset has a unit price at the time of purchase and can be subsequently updates. It has a price and return at the purchase time and at any future time. Return mainly measures the increase in price of the asset as calculated on a dai ly basis as either a fraction or a percentage. It is given by Ri (t) = When the portfolio does an analysis over a lengthier period of time, for instance, this paper does a research on a two-year period, the log return is considered much more convenient. It is, therefore, obtained by, LRi (t) = = Where P is the price vector, L =length(P) and LR= The assets chosen for this paper are analyzed for returns rather than prices so as to avoid the issues that would result due to currency different. Using returns makes the problem-solving process purely equity based. The profit consists of return from the portfolio of investments and its capital appreciation. Associated is the task of limiting the risk of losing money. A risk is considered an opportunity in the financial markets. The financial portfolio analysis seeks to develop a theory based on getting the best return from the portfolios over a single period of time. The Nasdaq share prices of MSFT are obtained from finance.yahoo.com. Objectives Of The Study To determine the equivalent mean, variance, standard deviation of the shares returns annually, and the annual covariance matrix V of the returns. To analyze the covariance and share price behavior over a given time interval and the efficient frontier and explicitly plot the outcome. To use the utility functions to find the ideal investment portfolio at the beginning of the given time period (Year 1- construct portfolio, Year 2- future return validation). To investigate the relationship between SPY and VIX. Literature Review Different companies do their stock market valuation or share prices based on the performance of the company over a long-term period only. Short term valuations can beat down the record held by companies valued highly over longer periods as problems are bound to occur over long period appraisals than when short period appraisals are done. Interest can be viewed from the lenders and borrowers end. Interest is the gain from investing for a lender and the reward for trouble of lending a borrower advanced capital. The amount of initial outlay and the length of time the money is lent decides how much the interest is due. There are three frequently used financial rates namely the AER, EAR, and APR. Investment is perceived as the utilization of funds on assets with a focus on earning income or capital appreciation. The main investment strategy has two key attributes: time and risk. These two attributes indicate the risk factor. The risk is undertaken in a view to reap some return from the in vestment. The financial investment ensures the distribution of money of assets that are expected to yield some gain over a period of time. It is an exchange of financial claims for money. They are expected to yield returns and experience capital growth over the years. The main aim of the construction of a financial portfolio is to ensure the maximization of return, minimization or risk, and hedge against the inflation(Kasilingam, n.d.). The paper uses the dataset of the historical data obtained from Nasdaq. It is the first electronic exchange that provides a platform for the investors to buy and sell stock. Nasdaq is a statistical measure of a slice of the market. The Dow 30 shows a dataset comprised of prices for different institutions and how the compare to each other. The DJIA tracks the routine of thirty different companies that are considered key players in the market. The Nasdaq tracks about four thousand stocks that trade on the Nasdaq exchange. Nasdaq deals with organizations such as CISCO, Microsoft, intel and apple. The two market indices are a representative of a mathematical average used to make sense of the stock market. Assets at origin are funds that give no return and have no risk. The efficient frontier is defined by portfolio that no point has high return with the risk of H and no point with the return of H has lower risk. It is measured by the expected utility function. Methodology The financial portfolio is concerned about risk, return, safety, and liquidity. The return is a random variable that is obtained as the mean of given data and is referred to as the expected return and the associated risk. It is a standard deviation denoted as i. The empirical random variable model of the Ri is obtained by Where ej is a random variable term. Results The data obtained was evaluated at the closing price. All the shares trade in USD for uniformity on the currency and to avoid complicated addendum based on risk of using different currencies. The figure above show a monthly based analysis with data obtained for the third day of each month. There is a significant improvement in the share returns recorded from the year 2013 to the year 2015. Statistical analysis was conducted on the closing share indices of the returns for the monthly data set in use. Statistical Analysis All the calculations are done based on the adjusted close values in USD. Statistical analysis The results of the statistical evaluation to achieve objective 1 are discussed below. These are the resulting values for the entire period for the adjusted close. The MATLAB code snippet for the statistical evaluation is as shown below Annual covariance matrix V of the share returns The same amount for variance is obtained for covariance. The covariance matrix is discussed below. Efficient frontier portfolio for the multiple risky assets Discussion The statistical mean on the data is obtained using the equation shown below, It can be denoted in vector form as, Where both w and are sets raised to the power of T. secondly, for the variance, there is a well-known result. The standard deviation is the square root of the variance. This is denotated in summation form as, This can be denoted in matrix terms as the neater expression of the variance The covariance matrix is similar to the variance value obtained. Note that, And that the covariance of the matrix is purely concerned with the statistically linear relation aspects. These are the aspects of the relation between the returns Ri and Rj from the assets Ai and Aj. The var(Ri) is associated with the variability of the return Ri from Ai. For efficient frontier, the mean-standard deviation plots for portfolio optimization is completely specified by using a portfolio object when the two conditions are met. MATLAB code uses the finance toolbox to create a portfolio object and set the required parameters. A covariance matrix is needed to achieve the asset mean and asset covariance for analysis for efficient frontier. When variables are positively related, they move in the same direction but when the relationship is negative, the variables are inversely related. The covariance and correlation indicates this relationship. The trend observed on the relationship of the share returns and prices over the two-year period, in the first year the data was used to construct a portfolio. In the second year, the remaining data set was used to test the portfolio and determine if the portfolio works well on the test data. The economic growth and Nasdaq share returns are evaluated to show a positive covariance. The formula used, assuming that x-economic growth and y-Nasdaq share returns, is, The economic growth of the country is evaluated as the independent variable, the values used are mean values of the data set in the first section. As a result, one can determine if the units of measure are increasing or decreasing. Correlation come in to aid the covariance measure the degree to which a relationship is positive or negative. It is the statistical dependency between returns which controls the sought feature of obtaining high return for low risk. The efficient frontier is decided by portfolios which minimize the risk for a required expected return that maximizes the expected return for a given level of risk. From a given study, the relationship between the closing prices of the SPY and VIX shows that the SPY has a higher trend line than the VIX. The SPY needs to go down a few indices so as to move in the same direction as the VIX. This would ascertain the rule of thumb for positive correlation and covariance. According to the black Scholes formula for options, the MATLAB function used has arguments such as the current price for the underlying asset, exercise price of the option, annualized, continuously compounded risk-free rate of return over the life of the option, time taken by option to expire (years), and the continuously compounded yield of the underlying asset over the life of the option. Conclusion In a nutshell, the financial portfolio analysis attains very substantial information from the dataset used. The data set was obtained from the Nasdaq stock exchange and the share returns and share prices were evaluated at the adjusted close price for each quarter or even on monthly basis. Several graphical representations were obtained using the MATLAB software such as the efficient frontier and the statistical calculations. References Afflec-Grave,J.F and Money, A.H (1976) A Comparison of Two Portfolio Selection Models. The Investment Analyst Journal.7 (4):35-40. Ambrozaite, R. and Sondergaard, L. (2010). Danish Mortgage bond portfolio optimization using the mean-variance approach. Masters thesis, Copenhagen Business School. Amenc, N and Veronique, L (2003), Portfolio Theory and Performance Analysis,2nd ed. Campbell, J.Y and Luis M.VB (2004) Long-Horizon Mean-Variance Analysis: A user Guide, Manuscript, Havard University, Cambridge, MA. Ehrgott, M., Klamroth, K. and Schwehm, C. (2004) An MCDM Approach to portfolio optimization, European Journal of operational Research, 155,752-70. Elliot, R.J and Kopp, P.E(1999), Mathematics of financial markets, Springer New York. Huang,C.F and Litzenberger, R.H(1988). Foundations for financial Economics, North Holland, New York. Jorion, P.(2003). Portfolio optimization with tracking error constraints; Financial analyst Journal 59,70-82. Kasilingam, D. R. (n.d.). Investment and Portfolio Management. Retrieved from Pondicherry university: https://www.pondiuni.edu.in/sites/default/files/ivestment%20%26%20portfolio%20mgt- 260214.pdf Kheirollah, A and Bjarnbo, O (2007) A Quantitative Risk Optimization of Markowitz Model: An Empirical Investigation on Swedish Large Cap List.68 Kroll,. Y and Markowitz, H.M (1984). Mean variance versus direct utility maximization, Journal of finance ,39-47-61. Konno,.H. and Yamazaki,.H.(1991). Mean Absolute deviation portfolio optimization model and its application to Tokyo Stock Exchange, Management Science,37(1991)519-531 Li, K (2008), Continuous-Time Mean-Variance Portfolio Selection. Masters thesis, University of Oxford, UK. Maharakkhaka, B (2011) The Performance of mean variance portfolio selection and its opportunity cost: The case of Thai Securities. Markowitz, H. (1952). Portfolio Selection Journal of Finance, Vol.7 no.1 March: 77-91 Markowitz, H. (1959). Portfolio Selection: Efficient Diversification of Investment. Merton, R. C (1969). Life time Portfolio Selection Under Uncertainty: The Continuous Time Case. Review of Economics and Statistics, Vol.51 no.3 (August): 247-257. Nagurney, A (2009) Portfolio Optimization. Masters thesis, Havard University Graduate school of Design.

Poland And Czech Reform Essays - Decommunization, Economy Of Poland

Poland And Czech Reform After the fall of communism, several different countries decided that it was time to reform both current economic and political policies. Two countries that have had major economic reforms are Poland and the Czech Republic. However, the process of that change is different, each country had a different idea of how to become a new economic power in the 1990's. In December 1989, the new government, led by members of the labor union Solidarity, launched a reform program designed to transform Poland's economy into a free-market system. Price controls were lifted, while wage controls were imposed. State enterprises were transformed into joint-stock companies, and many were scheduled for eventual privatization or purchase by foreign investors. The restructuring of the Polish economy resulted in a massive layoff of workers and a rapid rise in unemployment. Poland's GDP declined sharply in 1990 and 1991. Poland had relied heavily on agriculture and would have been easier to reform if its exhausted industrial regions could have been abandoned. Poland may have been the first to try a rapid, sweeping conversion, deemed by the press as "shock therapy." This conversion was to a capitalism and free market. It was also the first to overcome the resultant drop in economic output. Economic growth returned as early as the first half of 1992, and voters should have begun to notice the benefits by September 1993. However, rather than reformers gaining approval, the renamed communist party captured the largest number of seats in the Polish parliament in the elections that month. This was yet another step back for the reforming process. After its initial decline, Poland's economy began to improve. Annual GDP increased between 1992 and 1997, when it reached $135.7 billion. Industrial production increased by about 12 percent in 1994, which, accompanied by a 2 percent drop in unemployment, represented a major increase in labor productivity. Inflation remained above government goals but steadily declined, with an annual rate of 30 percent in 1994 dropping to 18.5 percent in 1996. Although hundreds of enterprises were transferred to private ownership during 1994 and 1995, the pace of privatization was generally slow; the private sector's share of GDP remained at about 60 percent in 1995 and 1996. However, a new constitution adopted in May 1997 committed the country to pursuing a market economy and further privatization. In the early and mid-1990s Poland's foreign debt was significantly alleviated by concessions from creditors, which helped to attract increasing levels of foreign investment. The result of "shock therapy" for Poland was to emerge out after the fall of the former reigning communism, to take leaps and bounds in economic development. Another country, just south of Poland, the Czech Republic also economically reformed in the early 1990's. The Czech Republic has been traditionally among the most economically developed regions of Europe. When the Communists came to power in Czechoslovakia in 1948, they created a highly centralized economic system. Nearly all aspects of economic planning and management came under the control of the central government. Most of the country's economic assets were placed in state hands; economic managers and decision-makers were cut off from their counterparts in the West; and foreign trade was conducted almost exclusively with other Communist countries. Although the economy remained strong by Eastern European standards, with one of the highest standards of living in the Communist world, the policies adopted by the Communist government led to long-term economic decline in Czechoslovakia. After the collapse of Communism in 1989, the new leaders of Czechoslovakia had to deal with this legacy. In the early 1990's, the post-Communist government moved quickly to convert the economy to a system based on free enterprise. A number of reform measures were adopted, including a voucher privatization plan, which gave citizens, for a low administrative fee, coupons that could later be traded for stock in companies. The voucher plan successfully transferred large parts of the economy to private ownership. By December 1994 more than 80 percent of firms in the Czech Republic were privatized or had decided on a privatization strategy. Business boomed in Prague and other cities in the mid 1990's as entrepreneurs established new companies. The government has also succeeded in re-establishing trade with the West and obtaining substantial levels of foreign investment. The average standard of living in the Czech Republic dropped somewhat in the early 1990s as market reforms were introduced, but in recent years, the economy has begun to recover. Inflation was about 10 percent in late 1994, less than half of what it was in 1991. Gross domestic product (GDP) increased by

The eNotes Blog Scholarship Spotlight †August2015

Scholarship Spotlight – August2015 Every month, we  select some of the best scholarships around and post them here on our blog. When you are ready to apply,  check out our tips on How to Write a Scholarship Essay! Power Poetry Scholarship Amount: $1,000 Eligibility:  Applicant must be 25 years of age or younger and be a current or former high school student who will attend or is attending college within the U.S. or its territories. Requirements:  Add an original poem to Power Poetry by Friday, August 7, 2015. Youll need to  register as a member  of their community first.  Dont forget to share your poems on social media! Poems with 50 or more shares (which must be sent from the poem page on PowerPoetry) will be the ones the PowerPoetry team reads first! Due Date: August 7, 2015 To read more information directly,  click here! $1,000 Learn to Build an App Scholarship Amount: $1,000 Eligibility:  Applicants must be current or prospective college or graduate school students. Students of all majors may apply. Applicant should have an idea for a mobile application and must be at least 18 years old. Scholarship award can be used at any college to study any subject area or major. Winners will be selected at the end of each month. Requirements:  Create your Degreed profile and enroll in the Salesforce App Development pathway.  Create a FREE Developer Account on salesforce.com.  Start learning by following the learning materials in the Salesforce App Development pathway and accumulate points.  Whoever learns the most, as measured by your Degreed Score in the Salesforce Pathway, wins! In the case of a tie, your essay and broader Degreed profile will be considered to select the winner. Due Date: August 31, 2015 To read more information directly,  click here! Strobe  Law Scholarship Amount: $500 bi-yearly Eligibility:  In order to participate in the competition, an applicant must either be currently enrolled at an accredited college or university or be planning to enroll for the fall 2015 semester. In order to apply, applicants must write a 500-word essay on the following topic: According to a  study  conducted by the Virginia Tech Transportation Institute (VTTI), texting while driving doubled the risk of a crash or near-crash event and resulted in drivers taking their eyes off of the road for an average of 23 seconds. In response to these risks, many states have taken steps to limit or even prohibit the use of handheld devices, such as cellphone, while driving. These measures have been met with varying degrees of success. What types of legal penalties would you believe would effectively deter drivers from texting? Requirements: Essay. In order to apply, applicant should send their essays as an attachment to  stroblescholarship@gmail.com  by August 15, 2015. Applicants should also include the following information in the body of their email: Their full name, address, and phone number The college or university they are attending or plan to attend Their program of study A link to their Facebook, LinkedIn, or Google Plus profile Due Date: August 15, 2015 To read more information directly,  click here! Career Success  Scholarship Amount: $1,000 Eligibility:  Any current college student of an accredited U.S. college or university with a cumulative GPA of at least 3.0 is welcome to apply. Requirements:  Eligible students will: Write an essay of no fewer than 600 words about their career aspirations and how their current course load will help them achieve success in their careers. Where do you see yourself 10 years from now? Thinking outside the box is encouraged! Email their essay as a .doc or .pdf attachment to:  scholarship@greatclubs.com YouTube submissions are optional, although not required. Video should be no longer than 5 minutes. (Essays submitted via YouTube must also be submitted in writing.) Due Date: August 31, 2015 To read more information directly,  click here!

African-American family sitcoms Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

African-American family sitcoms - Assignment Example The Jeffersons showed that poor, uneducated blacks could make a great success of themselves with some hard work and pluck, and this show, too, showed good family values. The Cosby Show was a show that did not really reference the black experience, but their family values were also excellent. Their message was that blacks can be well-educated and wealthy. This essay will examine each of these shows. The first black sitcom that will be analyzed will be Good Times. The particular episode is titled Black Jesus.The basic premise of Good Times is that it follows a struggling black family who are living in the ghetto – Michael, who is the youngest child and eventually is a militant black man, but,in the early days, he was a young boy who was very much into black power and black rights; JJ, the oldest child who was a gifted artist and a wisecracker;Thelma, the middle child, who's identity was somewhat nebulous, although she did seem to be into black rights as well, but not as much as Michael; Florida,the mother, who is very religious and had an iron will and was intelligent and kept her family in line;and James, the father, who was struggling for work and could sometimes be temperamental and dominant,but was also very loving.This episode was a typical episode – the jokes came from various aspects of what it meant to be poor and black. This was a sitcom in the 1970s, but its jokes still seem fresh and relevant and timeless today. In this episode, JJ was working to enter an art contest, and his topic was a pimp who lived in the neighborhood. Thelma didn't think that this was an appropriate thing to paint, but JJ pointed out that this pimp made a lot of money not doing much of anything, and that he was the â€Å"same dude who got shot and ran seven miles to the hospital† (Good Times). This line was good for a laugh. JJ also showed that he painted a portrait of Jesus who was black, and this Jesus was based upon â€Å"Ned the wino,† a local alcoh olic who everybody knew. Michael loved the idea of a black Jesus, so he put the picture on the wall in place of the real Jesus. Florida, the Christian woman, didn't like the idea of the black Jesus, until Michael pointed out that The Bible indicated that Jesus had â€Å"hair like wool, and eyes like fire,† which means that Jesus might have really been black. At that point, Florida changed her mind about having the painting on the wall. Then, everybody in the family started to experience luck. James' bet on the horses paid off, and he went to the IRS for an audit and found that they owed him money. Thelma was asked out by somebody she liked. Winona, the neighbor, who had a disastrous date, but it turned out that the guy was rich. James decided that it was black Jesus who was bringing the family luck, so he wanted to keep it on the wall. In the end, JJ entered the black Jesus in the art contest, but lost, but the black Jesus was hung on the wall alongside the traditional Jesus. This was a typical episode of Good Times. JJ had most of the cracks, and these cracks were jokes that reflected the ghetto black experience. The crack about the pimp being the same guy who got shot and had to run 7 miles to the hospital got many laughs. Another crack came when the family debated on whether Jesus really was black, and Michael pointed out that Jesus was lost in the desert, and JJ said â€Å"that makes sense. If ever people were lost, we are it.† This shows the type of gallows humor, where people who are oppressed make light of their situation, which is often seen in black sitcoms that focus around poor blacks. Other jokes make light of the

Mobile Technologies for Increased Productivity Research Paper

Mobile Technologies for Increased Productivity - Research Paper Example The way business is done changes through innovative ways to work, team efficiency and giving better value to the customer. It is against this backdrop that many companies want learn the potential of mobile technology in relation to employee productivity and increased business profitability.  Benefits include ease of communication through networking and connections between the business and its employees, critical suppliers and customers. Twitter, Linkedin, Skype, Whatsup, Facebook and many other social media applications are enable direction between the business and key stakeholders. This connectivity and direct communication is important in shaping the customer experience. The connectivity and direct communication through mobile technology firms get important customer feedback on products and services hence better product development. The marketing aspect of companies benefits greatly from mobile connectivity as potential clients can access advertisements and promotions on their ce ll phones from anywhere in the world. The use of text messages, IVR, and mobile websites can really aid in customizing marketing adverts for specific audiences. A lot of commerce can be achieved by mobile technologies through mobile ticketing, issuance of loyalty cards, vouchers and coupons. A token that is virtual is delivered to a mobile phone and the customer can come with it to the point of sale for value. Customers are also able to conveniently purchase various contents such music, video clips, books.

Final Exam Worl War II Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Final Exam Worl War II - Assignment Example Legally the British had no right to interfere with Germany’s annexation of part of Czechoslovakia. Germany and Czechoslovakia’s fight was between them. Great Britain could advise the two countries, but had no stake in the fight. Chamberlain did not have a choice but to act in the manner he did. History has made him look like a coward. This is not true. Chamberlain dealt with Germany in a logical manner. Two factors made Chamberlain negotiate with Germany instead of declaring war. The first factor was Chamberlain wanted to maintain peace on the European continent. The second factor was the lack of a treaty between Great Britain and Czechoslovakia. Great Britain and France dealt with Germany diplomatically due to these two factors. History might have been different if Germany tried to annex Poland first. Great Britain and France had a nonaggression treaty with Poland. Thus Poland and Germany’s fight was a British and French fight. History might have also been diffe rent if Czechoslovakia had made a treaty with Great Britain and France before Germany’s aggression. Basically Chamberlain acted in a responsible manner. He had no way of knowing the chaos that would ensue from encouraging Hitler. Chamberlain was a prime minister; he could not read minds or the future. If a simple lesson is to be learned from the situation between Chamberlain and Hitler, it would be do not let fear of the past shadow the future. Chamberlain was frightened by the Great War, like most of his generation. The carnage of World War I would frighten any sane person. This fear might have been more of a deciding factor than the legal aspect for Britain and France’s policies toward Germany during this time. Fear might have blinded Chamberlain into believing Hitler’s lies more easily. Fear should not have been a factor, but in Chamberlain’s defense, he was acting out of fear for his country. 2. There were

Business Strategy in a Global Environment

Business Strategy in a Global Environment Globalization is the eminent icon of the 1990s, and in the twenty first century. Globalization is absolutely soaring and gearing up dynamically competing lifes real scenes. Globalization refers to the growth and status of trade and investment, clustered by the growth in international business fields, and the integration of economies penetrating all corners of the world. Strategy Paradoxes and Debates The term strategy anchors its definition basically sprouting from military fields and origins and has been expanded into the business world and context where several authors and researchers have spread arguments and debates on strategy concerning both quantitative and qualitative manifestations and processes. Strategy in business is coined to survival; the battleground and arena during a match, or a game. Jarvis (2005) highlights the 5Ps concept of Mintzberg observing the term strategy which primarily means plan, ploy, pattern, position, and perspective. The Coca Cola Bottling Company has all these 5 Ps in particular and all companies in general. Strategy is a ploy which basically refers to any artifice, maneuver, trick, or game to outwit and defeat a competitor or rival raising an anticipation of what we are going to do to confuse, shake, deter, prompt or deceive competitor to perform a move or not to move at all. It articulates the necessary steps to be done like creating a pattern (as a post hoc application), reflecting on the done action with its pattern consistency whether or not its planned and intended. Seeing the pattern means its an intentional strategy showing the pattern stems from the plan. But theres no managing and supervising intentionality. So there are two types of strategy distinguishing such intention; namely, deliberate strategy and emergent strategy. Strategy as a position is pushed with the idea and analogy from the military view, Ill take care of the waves whilst, you take care of the ripples referring on the emphasis of tactics. Position strategy simply stares its focus on where you are standing or sitting for you to view your horizon and whole landscape in the world of business relating to the context or internal and external situation. Such position projects the relation and status within the competitive arena and the existing co-operative interrelations matching ones organization, team, or department against others and rivals and the lobbying environmental demands. Moreover, strategy-as-position situates different and several players not just one-to-one competition. A company that exposes itself to a market cubbyhole and tight competition is trying to position itself to secure, to brace sustainable competitive advantage. Strategy as perspective refers to the group of strategy creators or makers with their whims, views, retrospection, predilections, and preferences affecting the organization. Thus, strategy is a body of ideas, insights, anticipations and imperatives spoken and aired by a group of people articulated in different types of conversations and of distinct degrees of importance wherein ideas and propositions are scattered for a collective forum which is either imposed or consensus. Global Market Models and Concepts and Analysis Managers must be conscious that markets, supplies, investors, locations, partners, and competitors can be anywhere in the world. Successful businesses will take advantage of opportunities wherever they are and will be prepared for downfalls. Evidently, successful managers, in this environment, need to understand the similarities and differences across national boundaries, in order to utilize the opportunities and deal with the potential downfalls. In developing appropriate global strategies, managers need to take the benefits and drawbacks of globalization into account. A global strategy must be in the context of events around the globe, as well as those at home. International strategy is the continuous and comprehensive management technique designed to help companies operate and compete effectively across national boundaries. While companies top managers typically develop global strategies, they rely on all levels of management in order to implement these strategies successfully. Th e methods companies use to accomplish the goals of these strategies take a host of forms. For example, some companies form partnerships with companies in other countries, others acquire companies in other countries, others still develop products, services, and marketing campaigns designed to appeal to customers in other countries. Some rudimentary aspects of international strategies mirror domestic strategies in that companies must determine what products or services to sell, where and how to sell them, where and how they will produce or provide them, and how they will compete with other companies in the industry in accordance with company goals. The development of international strategies entails attention to other details that seldom, if ever, come into play in the domestic market. These other areas of concern stem from cultural, geographic, and political differences. Consequently, while a company only has to develop a strategy taking into account known governmental regulations, o ne language (generally), and one currency in a domestic market, it must consider and plan for different levels and kinds of governmental regulation, multiple currencies, and several languages in the global market (Heil 2010). Company Strategic Decisions for Sustainable Competitive Advantage Arie de Geus (1997) spelled out that a company with needs has the key characteristics he called a living company because it is helping itself. He stressed four key traits: (1) sensitivity to the business environment which reflects the ability and capability to learn and adjust; (2) cohesion and identity or the ability to create a community with vision, personality, and purpose; (3) tolerance and decentralization or the ability to build relationships; and, (4) conservative financing. Strategic Management is a constant object of curiosity among psychologists and thinkers. On several occasions, senior managers are asked how they come up with strategic decisions. They have one pattern of making these crucial and company-light decisions. One would suppose these to be mathematical, based on rigid rules of logic or statistical treatments. But heres the catch: The managers decisions were product of informal data gathering, intuition, innovation, and oral exchanges in 2-way communications. These managers have the feel of the whole situation besetting their companies and their impulse always has an accompanying relevance. Their minds transcend logical rules that are immutable and mechanical and perhaps by age and experience, they acquired an almost instantaneous and discrimination of what is effective and practical. They give a whole new meaning to the words feeling, judgment, common sense, proportion, balance, and appropriateness. They use these terms to effect viable ac tions that would sustain their companies in the tests of domestic or external competition, recession, changing market attitudes, inflation, to mention only the majors. These street-smart guys are not much into science when they make a decision. Instead, they stay at the helm of art which is a combination of wisdom, experience, common sense, and a lot of prudence and daring. Senior managers usually see problems of their companies as big opportunities in disguise. They remain flexible in finding ways but that does not mean foolish weighing the indefinite till the situation clears or worsens. They are flexible in making solutions to give provisions for modifications, adjustments, shifts, or even u-turn without compromising company principles. They are not namby-pambies who are easily swayed by fashion. They are as hard as nails on standards of excellence. Hence, they inspire, and prod those below them to follow suit and commit to live action. They are virtuosos in motivating people and so people tick to grow the limbs of their action plans and visions. It was noted in many studies conducted in most industrialized countries that executives are investing much of their time developing a circle of relationships. Thence, they gain insights and details to be applied in forming concrete strategic decisions. They have the inclination to use mental simulations and they display some gift of seeing with their minds. Intuition is the guiding light of the day and even after office hours, they would re-run what else can be done if strategy A should need a remedy. So before any pitfall or backsliding, there reserved a fallback program to reinforce the existing. Funny as it sounds but executives can sense first what they are going to do before they can explain why. No calculations but deep in their brain cells and feeling, this is the way to salvation and promised land. The way might not be a bay of plenty but they are sure when the dusts subside the rays of their strategy would save the organization. Information may change overnight and strategic planning is complex but they know how to combat challenges with concrete interventions. With the advent of technology, senior managers are more and more relieved of the so called strategic planning. Information Technology at last has created a great divide between senior managers and operational level managers. Through sophisticated programs on the computer, any manager can already function as an independent segment albeit following the general threads of the company culture. All that top brass management would do is to inspire, delegate, assess and appraise their subjects. They provide the vision, specify the substance, and direct the institutional goals. Their managers are expected to facilitate process, action plans, and fill out forms to make way for effective documentation, work accomplishment, accounting procedures, marketing, manpower accountability and networking. Executive leaders have followers, while managers have subordinates, according to an analyst. Managers are oftentimes blamed for the bankruptcy of businesses in America in the 1970s and 80s. Leaders make decisions while managers usually execute them. Leaders are careful to choose their managers because lack of leadership down the line can antagonize the growth of the whole organization. Normally, strategic decision-making takes place on two levels: aggregate and individual. Both of these are geared towards getting attention, storing information through encoding, retrieval thereof, strategic choosing, feedback and outcome. Aggregate and individual strategies are interdependent and they harmonize with each other in all stages of the organization. While it is true that aggregate is more supreme than the individual strategy, it is the individual that feeds to the strength of the aggregate. The aggregate can only sound strong on paper but without the individual strategy which is the action level that extends to clients, customers, consumers, financiers, lenders and debtors, it can just be a lameduck-a print of strong accent without teeth or bite because there is no execution by junior vice presidents, section managers, team leaders, and the rank and file. . Johnson, Scholes and Whittington in corporate strategy present a model in which strategic alternatives and options are evaluated against three key success criteria: suitability, feasibility, and acceptability. (1) Suitability. It gears to answer security questions such as Would it work?, Does it make sense to economy?, Would the organization obtain economies of scale, economies of scope, or experience economy? Would it be suitable in terms of environment and capabilities? Ranking strategic options and decision trees are the measuring tools to evaluate suitability. (2) Feasibility. Can it be made to work?. It is concern whether the resources required to carry the strategy are available and can be obtained and developed. Its resources include funding, people, time, and information. Consequently, cash flow analysis and forecasting, break-even analysis, and resource deployment analysis are the scaling tools for it. (3) Acceptability. Would this make sense among stakeholders? Would shareholders, company employees and customers respond with the targeted product or performance outcomes? What about returns? Will it yield the projected benefits by the stakeholders in terms of dollars or other essentials (financial and non-financial)? For instance, shareholders would anticipate the growth of their capital or wealth, employees would aim for the upliftment in their careers and customers would expect added value for money. When strategy fails, the probability of risks arisesfinancial or otherwise. These risks could be shareholders going against the issuing of new shares or employees and unions picketing against outsourcing for fear of losing their jobs. Most likely too, customers would have paranoia over a merger as regards quality and support. What-if analyses are tools employed to evaluate acceptability. Global Market Models and Concept Analysis In the midst of global market tight business competition models and concepts analysis is crucial and vital. Thus, any business manager must discern and decide whats the best move or course of action to be undertaken to outwit and win the market place and patrons. Several concept analysis are designed for managers to scrutinize business status to have an equilibrium and project sustainable competitive advantage among others in the field. One of these types is SWOT Analysis. A good look at the internal and external environment is an indispensable part of strategic planning. Environmental attributes internal to the firm usually can be classified as strengths (S) or weaknesses (W),while those external to the firm can be classified as opportunities (O) or threats (T). This analysis is referred to as SWOT analysis. This analysis provides insights that are keyl in matching the firms assets and capacities vis-Ã  -vis the competitive environment in which it exists. Therefore, it is crucial in strategy formulation and selection. What are strengths? The firms or companys strengths are its assets, resources and capabilities that can be utilized as the foundation for mapping out a competitive edge. Some of these are patents, reputed brand names, established repute among customers, cost advantages, exclusive access to precious natural resources and favorable access to marketing outlets. Weakness is of course the opposite of strengths like lack of patent protection, a so-so brand name, ill-repute among customers, high price structure, lack of access to the best raw materials or natural resources, and worst, lack of access to strong distribution channels. Take the case in which a firm has a large amount of manufacturing capacity. While this ability may be considered as a strength that competitors do not share, it also may be a considered as a weakness if the large investment in manufacturing capacity hinderss the firm from reacting quickly to shifts or fluctuations in the marketplace. Furthermore, opportunities may mean income and growth; like, a wanting in customer need, invention of new technologies, loosening of legal hindrances and lifting of international business hurdles. Moreover, threats are the present and intervening factors in the external environment; like changes in consumer tastes deviating from the firms product lines, introduction of rival products, new legalities and regulations, and further increase in trade barriers. Any company should not singly invest into very encouraging opportunities. Rather, it should have the caution and prescience to better understanding and analysis of a doable course of action to gain that competitive advantage by determining a blend between the companys strengths and upcoming opportunities. S-O strategies run after chances that are a good addition to the companys strengths. W-O strategies fiscalize weaknesses to run after opportunities. S-T strategies map out ways that the firm can use its strengths to minimize its exposure to external threats. W-T strategies create a defensive plan to protect the firms weak spots from making it highly exposed to outside threats. Another tool used to scan the environment in the business field is the PEST Analysis. This is a sophisticated external macro-environment probing that manifest how firm processing can be expressed in terms of the Political, Economic, Social, and Technological factors. Oftentimes, the acronym PEST (is made as STEP) is employed to describe a framework for the synthesis of macro-environmental factors. Political factors are government laws and legal issues and ascribe both formal and informal rules in which the firm must worklike tax policies, employment measures, environmental ordinances, trade barriers and taxes, and political instability. Economic factors include the purchasing power of prospective customers and the firms capitallike economic improvement, interest rates, exchange and inflation rates. Social factors involve the demographic and cultural facets of the outside macro-environment. These factors have direct effect on customer needs and the size of potential market bases like health consciousness, growth of population, age brackets, career paths, and consciousness on safety. Finally, technological factors can lower if not eliminate barriers to entry, cut the minimum efficient production stages, and highly affect outsourcing decisions; like, RD activity, automation schemes, technological incentives, and rate of technological change. In order to appraise, analyze and assess finished activities which will eventually create a companys competitive edge, a chain of value-creating activities must be in place. Michael Porter outlined a set of many generic activities common to a wide range of firms. Accordingly, the objective of such activities is to foster worth that exceeds the cost of providing the product or service. In consequence, this will generate profits as customers want worth congruent to costs. Everyone wants worth as tantamount to price so such value-creating activities is a very good psychology applied to business. If only all businesses employ this action plan, then what a better consumer base they create and a whole lot happier people they would account in their following. Another concern tackles inbound logistics which embraces the receipt, warehousing, and inventory of company input and output materials; operations are the value-creating tasks that transform the inputs into the finished product or outcome; outbound logistics are responsible for the finished product to reach the customer, including but not limited to warehousing, delivery and the like. Marketing sales are any effortstangible or not, direct or indirect, intentional or by chance-are those activities that have something to do with getting consumers to buy the product, channel selection, advertising, pricing, and much more. Service activities are those of maintenance and enhancing effect to the product value inclusive of customer support, repair services, etc. All of these vital activities are effective in developing companys competitive advantage. Logistics, as we all know, are crucial and vital for a contracting company to to distribute services, while service activities are the main focus for a company that offers on-site maintenance contracts for office supplies and machines. In addition, there are also at least four generic areas of support activities ensuring firm sustainability in the business shark-infested watersamong others, procurement, technology development, human resource management, and firm. Procurement entails the role of buying the raw materials and other essentials in the value-creating undertakings. Technology development includes studies and development, process machination, and other technology gadgets used to enhance the value-chain activities. Human Resource Management, are the tasks that include recruitement, enrichment, and just compensation of workers. Firm infrastructures are those activities of the finance, legal, quality, and management departments. Support activities are termed as overhead but some firms have sparingly used them to maintain a competitive advantage. For example, a company can do outreach works, medical missions, gift-giving to indigents, of renovation of a neglected public hospital. This can also take the forms of donating to a charity, to a depressed area because of typhoons, floods, or quake-shaken areas. These activities require definition, linkages, and coordination between and among partner companies, with the consent and knowledge of the customer base. Sufficient and effective media publishing through print, broadcast or satellite means can be employed to maximize efforts to establish such elusive state of companys competitive edge. It is a matter of concerted effort, a must-have if companies h ave to outlive and outdo competitors. A perfect grasp of interdependence and mutual benefit must be clear to make all strategies work for the betterment of the organization. If support is not totally ensured, then at least, majority of suppliers, advertisers, as well as the general public are involved. If response is not favorable, then executives have to do some side stepping, even taking back alleys so the companys goals will be served. If executives back out, then, what a pity to the organization. A company needs a sure-fire executive in the face of uncertainties. Hence, executives must see a rundown of these activities before implementation. That is why there is what we call value system. Great companies have very strong value systems that new hires would either subscribe to it or leave it. There is simply no half-way house in these great companies. In exchange, they offer palatable salaries, fringes, and other opportunities of growth-monetary, career or physical growth. In closing, strategies are useless unless acted upon, applied, or animated to make the company prosper side by side with competitive edge. With the fangs of globalization threatening to devour the weak and unprepared, executives of the 21st Century has many assignments to do. These begin from mapping out a vision, a mission, then the strategies needed to make these dreams come into fruition. Gone were the days when companies would only wait for customers to take their products because of limited choice or monopoly. Today, more than any era of the past, business is very precarious and risky. Hard earned capitals are washed away overnight once investment is not done with caution, sustainability and competitive edge. Only those who have the edge would survive. Application: The Coca Cola Bottling Company: Coca Cola soft drink was nothing but a local concoction in America. It was concocted by Dr. John S. Pemberta in Atlanta, Georgia. Frank Robinson, bookkeeper, suggested the name and crafted it in free hand script which stood the odds of changes till this very day. From a local drink, the founders of the company planned to market it on statewide scale. Their ploy is to give its package a handsome look so it would appeal to skeptical drinkers. The design of the brand name has been a consistent pattern to make sure the name will be associated with thirst quenching. Their marketers are very aggressive and effective that very soon after their debut in the drinking arena they salvaged the prime spot in the soft drink industry. They arrogate to themselves the saying, Get Ready for Tomorrow Today,-their corporate way of positioning. Their perspective to be global came into reality, riding in that slogan, Open Happiness! They convince people through ads that Coca Cola can refresh the world, can inspire to make people optimistic. In other words, they exist to make a difference. And then their advertisements are apt for specific seasons. During winter time, they show Santa Claus merrily dash through the skies as he drinks coca cola in his chariot on reindeers. During summertime, the theme, red hot summer is bannered on company sponsored parties. Before the competition could catch up, Coca Cola also introduces hundreds of other delights in its product line. But a wit may ask, how do they capitalize on their strengths, and address their weaknesses, opportunities, and threats, including antagonisms from politics, economy, society, and technology? They look ahead. They analyze trends that shape business in the future and adjust accordingly for whats to take place. Coca Cola was abreast with the Y2K scare along with giants in the business world. Hence, they won together with their bottling partners and financing allies. Concerning the current global crisis, the company is not at all hampered by leaps and bounds because it is consumer-based. The company applies core values on leadership (the resolve to create a better future), collaboration (collective ingenuity), integrity (being real), accountability (or responsibility), passion (heart-mind commitment), diversity (create more and more), and quality (doing well) as its anchor in its vision 2020. In addition, even their managers get out into the market and listen. They observe and learn. Coca Cola people possess a world view and they are curious to sift whats new. And lest we forget: They remain constructively discontent on their achievements, new markets and prospects. They are a cool bunch with a singular vision: To refresh the world. Sources: The Coca Cola Company 2009. Year in Review. Web. Retrieved 21 October 2010 from http://www.thecoca-colacompany.com/ourcompany/mission_vision_values.html Questions and Answers from Yahoo.com 2008 Web. Retrieved 21 October 2010 from http://www.righthealth.com/topic/Who_Invented_Coca_Cola Bradford, Robert W., Duncan, Peter J., Tarcy, Brian, Simplified Strategic Planning: A No-Nonsense Guide for Busy People Who Want Results Fast! Available from: http://www.quickmba.com/strategy/swot/. [10 October, 2010]. Heil, Karl 2010. Strategy in the Global Environment. Available from: . [10 October, 2010]. Geus, Arie de 1997. The Living Company. Available from: http://www.ariedegeus.com/ and [10 October, 2010]. Jarvis, Chris 2005. Business Open Learning Archive. Available from: . [10 October, 2010]. Quickmba.com 2010. Strategic Management. Available from: http://www.quickmba.com/strategy/swot/. [10 October, 2010]. Quickmba.com 2010. Strategic Management. Available from: . [10 October, 2010]. Wikipedia.org computer software 2009. Available from: [10 October, 2010].

Freud and Psychodynamic Theory :: Papers

Freud and Psychodynamic Theory Freud was born on May 6, 1856, in the Moravian town of Freiberg, then a part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, today a part of Czechoslovakia. He was born into a family full of enough complexity and confusion to give him significant material for his ruminations on the individual mind and its connections with others. His mother, Amalia, an assertive, good-looking woman, was twenty years younger than her husband Jacob. She was his third wife; he was forty at Freud's birth. Freud's siblings were two half-brothers, grown-up, a constant reminder of the oddity of his position. His own confusions, hatreds, love and desires from this period appear to have had significant impact on his later work on development. Components Of Personality Id As the baby emerges from the womb into the reality of life, he wants only to eat, drink, urinate, defecate, be warm, and gain sexual pleasure. These urges are the demands of the id, the most primitive motivational force. In pursuit of these ends, the id demands immediate gratification: it is ruled by the pleasure principle, demanding satisfaction now, regardless of circumstances and possible undesirable effects. If a young child was ruled entirely by his id, he would steal and eat a piece of chocolate from a store regardless of the menacing owner watching above him or even his parents scolding beside him. The id will not stand for a delay in gratification. For some urges, such as urination, this is easily satisfied. However, if the urge is not immediately discharaged, the id will form a memory of the end of the motivation: the thirsty infant will form an image of the mother's breast. This act of wish-fulfillment satisfies the id's desire for the moment, though obviously it does not reduce the tension of the unfulfilled urge. Ego The eventual understanding that immediate gratification is usually impossible (and often unwise) comes with the formation of the ego, which is ruled by the reality principle. The ego acts as a go-between

Republic of India

India, officially the Republic of India (Bharat Ganrajya), is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by area, the second-most populous country with over 1. 2 billion people, and the most populous democracy in the world. Bounded by the Indian Ocean on the south, the Arabian Sea on the south-west, and the Bay of Bengal on the south-east, it shares land borders with Pakistan to the west;[d] China, Nepal, and Bhutan to the north-east; and Burma and Bangladesh to the east.In the Indian Ocean, India is in the vicinity of Sri Lanka and the Maldives; in addition, India's Andaman and Nicobar Islands share a maritime border with Thailand and Indonesia. Home to the ancient Indus Valley Civilisation and a region of historic trade routes and vast empires, the Indian subcontinent was identified with its commercial and cultural wealth for much of its long history.Four world religions—Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism, and Sikhism—originated here, whereas Judaism, Zoroast rianism, Christianity, and Islam arrived in the 1st millennium CE and also helped shape the region's diverse culture. Gradually annexed by and brought under the administration of the British East India Company from the early 18th century and administered directly by the United Kingdom from the mid-19th century, India became an independent nation in 1947 after a struggle for independence that was marked by non-violent resistance led by Mahatma Gandhi.Rabindranath Tagore is Asia's first Nobel laureate and composer of India's national anthem Swami Vivekananda was a key figure in introducing Vedanta and Yoga in Europe and USA, raising interfaith awareness and making Hinduism a world religion. The Indian economy is the world's tenth-largest by nominal GDP and third-largest by purchasing power parity (PPP). Following market-based economic reforms in 1991, India became one of the fastest-growing major economies; it is considered a newly industrialised country.However, it continues to face the challenges of poverty, corruption, malnutrition, inadequate public healthcare, and terrorism. A nuclear weapons state and a regional power, it has the third-largest standing army in the world and ranks eighth in military expenditure among nations. India is a federal constitutional republic governed under a parliamentary system consisting of 28 states and 7 union territories. India is a pluralistic, multilingual, and a multi-ethnic society. It is also home to a diversity of wildlife in a variety of protected habitats.

buy custom Israeli Palestinian Conflict essay

buy custom Israeli Palestinian Conflict essay The Israeli-Palestinian conflict is a present conflict that has been there between Israel and Palestine. The conflict reaches far and wide. Its history dates back to the times of conflict between the Jewish and the Arab people of Palestine under the British rule. It is also a part of the larger Arab-Israeli conflict. The remaining main conflict issues are: security, borders, mutual recognition, control over Jerusalem, the settlement of Israeli, Palestinian freedom movement and the legalities about refugees. The violence that emanates from the conflict has enhanced international actions together with other human rights and security concerns both inside, between the two sides and globally. Moreover, the violence has prevented tourism expansion in the region that is characterized with a lot of religious and historic sites that are of a great interest to many people around the globe (Shlaim, 2000). The confrontation between the Palestinians and the Israelis came to being through two parties that sought the possession of a piece of land. They were both not willing to share the land peacefully. Having turned down many plans of dividing the land, tension grew into violence against guiltless people. Escalating tension and continuing violence has complicated the Israeli-Palestine conflict. It has become very hard to handle the conflict. Terrorism acts in the region started before Israel stated its independence in 1948. The 1920 Palestine riots or Nabi Musa riots started immediately after Israelis began drifting to the region that had been guaranteed to their state in Balfour Declaration. The riots were rather violent disturbances against the Jews by the Arabs in the Old Jerusalem city. The relations of the Arabs, Jews and the British people disintegrated due to the violence that erupted and the Jewish people took a very bold step towards establishing an autonomous security and infra structure system that was parallel to the one established by the British (Morris, 2008). The move taken by the Jews was meant to protect them. Jaffa riots emerged in 1921. The Jewish Communist Party that would afterward be known as the Palestine Communist Party went along the streets; this was a part of celebration of the Israel Day Parade (Bregman, 2002). On this occasion, they attacked the Zionist society calling to put down the British rule. The wish was to create the Palestine Soviet Union. As years passed, the violence was becoming increasingly devastating and frequent. The Hebron Massacre is an example of terrible and violent execution of sixty-seven Jews by their enemies, the Arabs in 1929. The Arabs were influenced by the impression that the Jewish people had been killing Arabs who dwelt in the city of Jerusalem and taking up the holy places of the Muslim community (Gelvin, 2005). The survivors of this 1929 massacre went to Hebron; their deserted property had been occupied and seized by the Arabs for a very long time. This was experienced up to the time of the war that took place for six days in 1967. The Jewish responded to the attacks by reorganizing the Haganah. This was a Jewish group of defense that ultimately developed into the Israel Defense Force. Jews are not just victims in this Israeli-Palestine conflict. There are many extremist groups of Israel that are allegedly guilty of committing terrorist acts against Arabs, the same way the Arabs have initiated attacks against the Jews (Shlaim, 2000). One of the renowned organizations of terrorist Israeli gangs is the Kach. The Kach advocates for the removal of Arabs entirely from the biblical areas of Israel. The Kach has not initiated an immense attack lately. The last attack that they launched was back in 1994. All the same, it is believed that the Kach has been behind a number of low level attacks dating back to 2000. The Kach terrorist group and the Kahane Chai gang grew together from the anti-Arab Rabbi Meir Kahane teachings. Rabbi Meir Kahane was an extremist born in the United States who was assassinated in 1990 in the New York City. After his death, a supporter of Kach shot and murder twenty-nine worshippers of Islam at a mosque in the West Bank. Immediately after that occurrence, Israel banned the operations of the two terrorist groups within Israel borders, and huge attacks from the two organizations have lately ended for quite some time. The current violence has had a huge harmful effect on the kind of peace negotiations for the region. It is difficult to imagine that the two groups having such levels of hostility could lay down their weapons of war to find a solution, specifically after peace talks failed in the past and more so were seen to agitate more attacks (Cohn-Sherbok, 2003). The propagation of violence enhances the formation of a wall between the Palestinians and the Israelis that gets more impregnable with time (Shlaim, 2000). Every attack moves the victim further from accepting terms for an enemy and the aggressor grows more anxious and hostile to attack again. The cycles continues with the roles of the victim and aggressor changing hands to the level where the two sides are hurt, hungry and are not ready to negotiate on peace matters. Terrorism has vividly contributed to a big role in impacting the conflict between the Israelis and the Palestinians. This issue started as a mere dispute over the piece of land and may have been handled cautiously. However it was left to violent extremists. With each llogical violent act through these organizations, the area is pushed far away from realizing any logical and sound solution. The best approach to handle this issue would be eliminating the threat of the terrorist groups as they only make the dispute more per sonal, intense and beyond reconciliation. During the World War II, the British inhabited Palestine (Morris, 2008). They gave out a declaration to the Jewish community that their homeland in Palestine would be handed over to them. However, the land was already inhabited by the Palestinians. Later on, Britain opened the way to the Jewish immigration from the European countries. This increased in the times of the WWII and later after the war due to the Holocaust. The United Nations partition plan was an intervention in the Israeli-Palestine conflict by the UN in 1947. All the same, the UN applied an outside power that brought more harm than help. The Israeli-Palestine conflict needed the use of self-determination of people principles. This way, the people of Israel and Palestine would create their own government system and state (Bregman, 2002). In 1948, the Jews comprised above 30% of the entire population and owned only 5% of the total land. Thus, the UN voted in an effort to split Palestine into equal portions for both the Palestinians and Jews to establish Arab and Jewish states to co-exist in Palestine. The move was also taken to make Jerusalem a region to be controlled internationally (Gelvin, 2005). However, the conflict began when the population of the Jews occupied almost 80% of the entire land and built Israel there on. In the process, Israel forcibly removed more than 60% of the refugees of the Palestinian community. Immediately, the UN told Israel to permit the refugees of the Palestinian community to go back to their matrimonial homes. The UNs medieval strategy appeared to divide the land of the people. Under the pressure of the Zionists, the UN sought to give 55% of Palestine to the state of the Jews even though the Palestine community formed 30% of the entire population. The Palestine community at the same tim e owned less than 7% of the land. However, Israel declined to do so even up to date. What was achieved in the UN effort was the returning of some piece of land to the Palestinian refugees (Shlaim, 2000). The 1947-1949 war had emerged earlier on comprised five Arab armies. However, it is hard to establish the fact that the Zionist forces had great numbers than all Palestinian and Arab combatants put together by a factor of about two. Additionally, the Arab armies did not actually assault Israel (Bregman, 2002). Virtually the battles that were fought during this time were conducted on the land that was thought to have been the state of the Palestine community. Ultimately, it is important to point out that the Arab armies went into this conflict only after the forces of the Zionists had carried out sixteen massacres (Gelvin, 2005). This included the gruesome massacre of more than 100 men, children and women at Deir Yassin. According to the Israeli Prime Minister, Menachem Begin, who was a leader of the Jewish groups of terror, these attacks were splendid. The Jewish people were committed to attacking and smiting their enemies. They believed that God had chosen them for the invasions. Th e Zionists forces carried out thirty three massacres altogether. Towards the end of the war, Israel got hold of almost 80% of the Palestine. A great number of Palestinians were made refugees after the war. Many towns and villages were destroyed and thus a new map was drawn, in which every river, hillock and city got a new Hebrew naming. At the same time, all Palestinian culture that had remained was completely erased. For several decades the Israeli had prevented the existence of the Palestinian population. They unanimously agreed that there was nothing known as Palestinian (Morris, 2008). The six day war broke up in 1967. Israeli went further in their conquest to conquer more land. The forces of Israel initiated a highly victorious surprise attack on Egypt. Israel then occupied the remaining percentage of the Palestine that was not captured in 1948. This was the Gaza Strip and the West Bank. According to the international law, it is not permitted to acquire territory through war. Therefore, the territories do not belong to the Israel community even though they occupy the lands. Moreover, Israel also occupied Egyptian sections and Syria, which have remained under occupation. In the Six-Day War, Israel hijacked the US navy ship, the USS Liberty. They went ahead to kill and injure more than 200 servicemen on board. President Johnson recalled flights of rescue because he did not want to embarrass a friend as he described the attack. This was thought to be an attack on the United States although it has never been fully confirmed (Dershowitz, 2005). There are two basic issues at the centre of the present conflict. For one, there is the unavoidably destabilizing effect of endeavoring to promote an ethnically preferential state, specifically when it is mainly of foreign origin. The original population of what is currently Israel was formerly 96% Christian and Muslim although the refugees are forbidden from going back to their homes in the self-defined Jewish state. The people in Israel are put under systematic discrimination. Another issue is the continued confiscation annd occupation of privately owned pieces of land by the Israeli military personnel in the West Bank. This has been coupled with having control over Gaza which is extremely oppressive. The Palestinians have insignificant control over their way of living. More than 10,000 men, children and women from the Palestinian community are held in Israeli prisons. A very small number among them has had legitimate trial. There is a lot of torture and physical abuse in the Israe li prisons. These events have continued to fuel the conflict silently (Morris, 2008). The Palestinian borders including the internal ones are mainly governed by the Israeli forces. Occasionally, children, women and men are strip searched. The people are normally beaten while women in labor are not allowed to access hospitals which at times cause death amongst them. Medicine and food are obstructed from getting into Gaza. This has led to a looming humanitarian crisis. The Israeli forces attack almost everyday kidnapping, injuring and occasionally killing the inhabitants. The 1993 Oslo peace records indicated that the territories were meant to ultimately become a state of the Palestinians. All the same, after many years of Israelis action to confiscate land and the situation worsening gradually, the population of the Palestinian community fought back (Shlaim, 2000). Arab uprising, commonly known as Intifada meaning shaking off, started towards the end of September in 2000. The United States involvement in the Israeli-Palestine conflict has been towards the support of the Israel community. Mainly as a result of special-interest lobbying, the United States taxpayers offer Israel with about $7 million on daily basis. The United States has financially supported the Israel country more than any other country in the history of the world. Many Americans however are not comfortable with the governments spending on Israel, as the funds have been used entirely for their conflict with Palestine (Dershowitz, 2005). Many people and nations have supported Israeli actions all through the history but the root cause of the Israeli-Palestine conflict seems to have been occasioned by the Israeli community. The Jewish persecution in Europe for centuries had been the worst of the many bad things linked to Europe. The desire of the Zionists to have a sanctuary place is definitely understandable. Same as every other colonial power, Zionism was founded in the absolute disregard of the rights of the aboriginals (Morris, 2008). This is morally indefensible. All subsequent crimes committed by the Israeli community follow from the initial injustice to the Palestinian community. With the damage that has been realized on the people of Palestine, the obligation of Israel is to come up with whatever amends feasible. The look of things in the 21st century seems to endeavor to create a sovereign Palestinian state in the whole of Gaza and the West Bank with its main city in the eastern part of Jerusalem. Israel must not object to this state and, moreover, must assist in the foundation process through generous reparations. Many historians believe that this would be the right thing to embark on. The sporadic violent acts against Israel are thought to come to an end through such measures. The conflict has still persisted because there has been a desire by the Palestinians to repossess their legitimate state. The Israeli-Palestinian conflict has persisted even to the 21st century with discrimination going in Israel for the non-Jewish communities (Cohn-Sherbok, 2003). In these modern times, absolute justice would include letting any Palestinian go back to Israel at their own pleasure. However, this is somewhat impractical. It is a recipe for what could be seen as a gateway to more bloodshed. The tension between the two communities still exists. At present, there are some Israeli peace groups that advocate for negotiations to see the return of the many Palestinian refugees who are settling in the state of the Palestinian community. It is felt that the United States has a great role to play in facilitating the success of ensuring justice is realized in the Israeli-Palestine conflict. The financial aid from the United States to Israel has been and is indeed enormous and the diplomatic support is the important factor that has allowed Israel to keep on occupying the territories of the Palestinians. There are concerns about the position held by Israel. Apparently, it is felt that Israel does not abide by the world opinion consensus. The UN votes have de manded the withdrawal of the borders that Israel established in 1967 (Dershowitz, 2005). The Israeli-Palestine conflict has continued to be a concern for many allies to both sides. The conflict has diversified and has now appeared like its a war of the Arabs against the rest of the world. Majority of citizens from both communities have advocated for creation of two states in order to end the conflict according to the 2007 polls record. The process of coming up with an amicable solution seems to be going through a vicious cycle (Morris, 2008). One process of change seems to brew more problems and the bad blood between the Israeli people and the Palestinians has persisted. Despite the efforts being made to come up with a solution to this conflict, it is not clear what would be the best approach to address it. Buy custom Israeli Palestinian Conflict essay

Capitalization Rules for Names of Historical Periods and Movements

Capitalization Rules for Names of Historical Periods and Movements Capitalization Rules for Names of Historical Periods and Movements Capitalization Rules for Names of Historical Periods and Movements By Mark Nichol When are designations for historically significant phenomena treated with initial capital letters, and when are the names rendered with lowercase letters? Exceptions, as always, are available to confound us, but the rules are fairly straightforward. Names of political and cultural periods or events are often capitalized in their original connotations, but when such nomenclature is used by extension in a generic sense, the designations are (usually) lowercased. For example, one should write, for example, â€Å"The arts and sciences flourished during the Renaissance,† but â€Å"The downtown district is experiencing a renaissance.† (However, to describe someone as well rounded in skills or talents, write â€Å"He’s a Renaissance man† even when he is not a contemporary of Michelangelo.) The same distinction applies for such terms as â€Å"golden age† (â€Å"The Golden Age was the first of Hesiod’s Ages of Man,† but â€Å"Jazz music has experienced several golden ages†) and â€Å"belle à ©poque† (â€Å"The period of peace and optimism in France in the nearly half century before World War I came to be known retrospectively as the Belle Époque,† but â€Å"They look back on that prosperous period as a belle à ©poque†). Similarly, one would write â€Å"China’s infamous Cultural Revolution was a decade-long time of great turmoil,† but â€Å"American society has undergone a cultural revolution of late,† and while references to the mid-twentieth-century tension between Western nations and the Communist Bloc capitalize â€Å"Cold War,† any such conflict without open hostilities is a cold war. The Enlightenment was a specific cultural movement in Europe and Britain’s American colonies during the 1600s and 1700s, or a similar era in any one of several countries. Generic usage is as follows: â€Å"In the Western world, the concept of enlightenment in a religious context acquired a romantic meaning.† However, in specific usage, enlightenment is capitalized: â€Å"The Russian Enlightenment is a period in the eighteenth century in which the government in Russia began to actively encourage the proliferation of arts and sciences.† Adjectives preceding names of political entities are often erroneously capitalized. No civilization has ever gone by the official name of Ancient Greece or Imperial Rome, for example; the first word in such designations is generally a mere descriptor and is therefore lowercased: â€Å"The course is a general overview of the history of ancient Greece†; â€Å"This essay will discuss the economic structure of imperial Rome.† Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Style category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:How to Punctuate References to Dates and TimesFor Sale vs. On SaleCharles's Pen and Jesus' Name

Compile an Annotated Bibligoraphy for Pro and Con Stances Research Paper

Compile an Annotated Bibligoraphy for Pro and Con Stances - Research Paper Example They argue that a proper implementation of policies may be the solution to reduce gun crime. Benady, D. (2007, November 29). Selling an anti-gun culture. Marketing Week, 24-25. A discussion of gun trade from the perspective of those in the market. Several laws on regulating gun trade is built from the premise of leniency of control, and is tantamount to increase in gun-related hostilities. There is less or a deficiency of considerations made to the effects of the control of legal trade of guns, which brings in millions of dollars in a year. Coalition to Stop Gun Violence & Educational Fund to Stop Gun Violence. (2008). America’s gun shows: open markets for criminals. PEAR’s 6th Annual Leadership Conference. Cambridge, MA: Program in Education, Afterschool & Resiliency. This is a report regarding the increasing prevalence and access of guns, along with the discussion on the perspective that the more prevalent these guns are before the eyes of the public, the greater the degree of control on gun trade. In this line of argumentation, policies in gun control are proposed to lead to a decrease in crime rate. Coleman, K., Jansson, K., Kaiza, P., & Reed, R. (2007). Homicides, firearm offences and intimate violence 2005/2006: Supplementary volume 1 to crime in England and Wales 2005/2006. London, UK: Home Office Statistical Bulletin. This report focuses on statistical evaluations of various trends of crime such as homicide, and other more â€Å"intimate† crimes, such as suicide and parricide. These trends are evaluated in comparison to the data gathered from the police in England and Whales. According to statistics, gun crime victims showed a slight decrease from 75 to 50 from year 2004 to year 2006. Congressional Research Service, Report RS22458. (2008, February 1). Gun control: statutory disclosure limitations on ATF firearms trace data and multiple handgun sales reports. Retrieved from http://assets.opencrs.com/rpts/RS22458_20080201.pdf This rep ort is an assessment of the implementation of the policy on gun control througout the history of the United States. It aims to show that such a policy has brought about substantial effects to variables such as the increase in gun-related crime, violence, firearm sales, the formation of gangs, and even as far as the increase in the rate of school drop-outs. Cukier, W. and Sidel, V. W. (2006). The global gun epidemic: from Saturday night specials to AK-47s. Westport, CT: Praeger Security International. This report is an assessment of gun trade from a global perspective. It seeks to establish the connection between gun trade and crime. The business of firearms and other weapons is most noteworthy in countries that engage in hostilities such crimes against civilians and other international war crimes. The author argues for the implementation of a policy for gun control. Egley, A., Jr., and Ritz, C. E. (2006). Highlights of the 2004 national youth gang survey (fact sheet). Washington, DC : U. S. Department of Justice. This report shows an attempt to strengthen the connection between violence and the ease of accessibility of guns to that of the youth. It was emphasized that the rise of firearm related violence and the incidence of crimes such as robbery, theft, and physical injuries have been the major concern of many. Thus, a proper implementation of

Motivational theory in Management and Administration Essay

Motivational theory in Management and Administration - Essay Example Maslow tries to emphasize that administrate theories are there to fulfill the needs of society. This in essence has been monumental because it fits Maslow’s hierarchal needs. For instance, serving the needs of the citizens that demand a better job manifests itself in Public Administration. When citizens see an incentive in public administration, they are likely to buy in the whole policy process. When basic needs are met as Maslow describes it, people are going to become interested.Douglas McGregor proposed two motivational theories by which managers perceive employees and their motivation. Each theory assumes that management's role is to effectively organize resources. Theory X states to control the lazy and unmotivated individuals while Theory Y is to reward hard working motivation individuals within an organization. Although many organizations find it useful to consider the two extremes of the spectrum that McGregor identified, many also accept that there is also a group of individuals that lie in between.Motivational theory is compatible with government efficiency because of various reasons. First and foremost is the fact that people are highly going to be motivated if they see their needs are being met and the government will continue to invest in them. This is crucial in public policies such as Cash for Clunkers or FAFSA programs. In order to ensure that the public buys into this programs, their needs must be met. Public policy also must be aggressive in facilitating individuals.